Present Perfect Tense (Presente Perfeito)
Você usa o Present Perfect (Presente perfeito) se algo durar mais tempo ou for permanente:
We have worked together for as long as I remember.
Se um evento passado ainda importa agora:
I have been to quite a few countries across the globe, but I have never been to Egypt.
I can’t come to work today because I haven’t slept all night.
Por fim, você também usa o Present Perfect Tense para indicações de tempo pouco claras, como already, before, ever, for, just (Reino Unido), never, since, yet:
I have never been late.
Luke has already finished the report.
I have been calculating our budget all evening.
E se as situações começaram no passado e ainda estão em andamento:
Ella is out of town for a few days. She has been looking for an apartment in the city.
Past Perfect Tense (Passado Perfeito)
Você usa o Past Perfect quando descreve uma situação no passado em que descreve uma situação ainda mais no tempo:
She was annoyed because she had told him not to leave it there anymore.
Você também usa esse tempo para se referir a coisas que não aconteceram ou nunca aconteceram após as palavras: would rather, wish, if only e if.
If only he had told me sooner that the deadline was moved to tomorrow.
Por fim, você também costuma usar o Past Perfect Tense para horários como after, as soon as, just e when:
Just as we had expected, Ella was well prepared for her pitch.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Passado Perfeito Contínuo)
Você usa esse formulário principalmente quando está falando de algo no passado que durou até que algo mais aconteceu no passado:
I had been trying to reach Luke for a while when Ella told me he wasn’t coming in today.
TEST TIME! AGORA VOCÊ!
I ______ (live) in Florida before I went to Washington.
Tom is fed up because he ______ (work) all afternoon.
When they finally arrived, we______ (leave, already) the office.
Susie ______ (live) in Copenhagen for eight years when she was offered a job in Barcelona.
Maya ______ (finish, not) writing that report yet.
Mike looked utterly pale because he ______ (sleep, not) well.
She left a few minutes ago. She ______ (go) to the market.
What have you ______ (do)? The archives are a complete mess.
You ______ (wait, not) that long!
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